Zernike多项式前几项(低阶像差) ============================= Z₁ = 1 → Piston(平移) Z₂ = 2ρcosθ → Tip(X方向倾斜) Z₃ = 2ρsinθ → Tilt(Y方向倾斜) Z₄ = √3(2ρ² - 1) → Defocus(离焦) Z₅ = √6ρ²sin2θ → Astigmatism(像散) Z₆ = √8(3ρ³ - 2ρ) → Coma(彗差) Z₇ = √8ρ³sin3θ → Trefoil(三叶草) Z₈ = √8(6ρ⁴ - 6ρ² + 1) → Spherical(球差) 其中 ρ = √(x² + y²), θ = arctan(y/x)